Chronic fatigue syndrome is a complex and debilitating condition characterized by a persistent state of severe fatigue that does not improve with rest and significantly affects quality of life. Although the exact causes are not fully understood, this condition can be influenced by physical, psychological, and environmental factors. Early recognition of symptoms and a personalized treatment plan are essential for effective management.
What is chronic fatigue?
Chronic fatigue is a state of ongoing physical and mental exhaustion lasting at least six months, which cannot be explained by another evident medical condition. It does not significantly improve with rest and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as muscle pain, sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, and memory problems.
Types
Depending on the duration of symptoms, chronic fatigue can be classified as follows:
Recent
Symptoms have been present for less than one month and may be caused by acute stress, viral infections, or other temporary factors.
Prolonged
Symptoms last between one and six months, consistently impacting energy levels and daily performance.
Chronic
Symptoms persist for more than six months and may indicate chronic fatigue syndrome itself, requiring medical evaluation and specific interventions.
Causes of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) has a multifactorial origin, meaning it can be triggered by a combination of physical, psychological, and environmental factors. The exact causes are not fully understood, but research suggests several possible triggers:
▪️ Viral or bacterial infections (e.g., mononucleosis, Lyme disease)
▪️ Immune system dysfunction
▪️ Hormonal imbalances
▪️ Prolonged physical or emotional stress
▪️ Sleep disorders
▪️ Exposure to toxins or polluted environments
▪️ Physical trauma or major surgical procedures
What are the risk factors?
Certain characteristics or circumstances may increase the likelihood of developing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome:
▪️ Female gender (women are diagnosed more frequently than men)
▪️ Age between 40 and 60 years
▪️ History of major emotional stress
▪️ History of severe infections
▪️ Genetic predisposition
Symptoms of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
CFS presents with a wide range of symptoms that can vary in intensity from person to person:
▪️ Persistent and unexplained fatigue
▪️ Muscle and joint pain
▪️ Sleep disturbances (insomnia or unrefreshing sleep)
▪️ Difficulty concentrating and short-term memory loss
▪️ Recurrent headaches
▪️ Sensitivity to light, noise, or strong stimuli
▪️ General malaise after physical or mental exertion, even at low intensity
How is the syndrome diagnosed?
Diagnosing Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a process of exclusion, meaning that the doctor will rule out other possible conditions with similar symptoms. The process may include:
▪️ Detailed medical history and symptom evaluation
▪️ Blood tests and other investigations to rule out thyroid problems, anemia, or chronic infections
▪️ Assessment of sleep quality and stress levels
▪️ Specific tests for immune and endocrine system function
Conditions associated with chronic fatigue
People with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome may also have related conditions, such as:
▪️ Fibromyalgia
▪️ Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
▪️ Depression and anxiety
▪️ Chronic migraines
▪️ Multiple allergies or sensitivities
▪️ Autoimmune disorders
Treatment for Chronic Fatigue
Treatment for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life, as there is currently no single definitive cure for this condition. The approach is personalized, taking into account possible causes, the patient’s general condition, and any associated disorders.
In addition to lifestyle adjustments (balanced diet, proper rest, stress reduction), innovative therapies can support recovery and boost energy levels:
▪️ Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy – helps optimize tissue oxygenation, supports cellular regeneration, and reduces inflammation.
▪️ Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Therapy – stimulates the body’s adaptation to oxygen variations, improving physical and mental endurance.
▪️ Intravenous Oxygen Therapy – increases blood oxygen saturation and supports metabolic functions.
▪️ Intravenous therapies - These therapies deliver vitamins, minerals and antioxidants directly into the body, providing immune support and reducing the effects of oxidative stress, commonly found in chronic fatigue syndrome.
▪️ Papimi - A treatment based on pulsating electromagnetic fields, which stimulate circulation, accelerate cell regeneration and reduce pain, having beneficial effects on energy and vitality.
▪️ Ozone therapy - By using medical ozone, the therapy supports cellular oxygenation, balancing the immune system and combating oxidative stress, helping to reduce symptoms of chronic fatigue.
▪️ Intravenous laser therapy - A modern method by which laser light is applied directly into the bloodstream to improve circulation, cellular metabolism and energy levels.
▪️ Systemic hyperthermia - This therapy induces a controlled increase in body temperature, stimulating the immune system, detoxification and regeneration processes.
Combining these methods with complementary therapies, light exercise, and psychological support can bring significant long-term benefits.
Complications
If left unmanaged, chronic fatigue can lead to:
▪️ Reduced work capacity and mental performance
▪️ Persistent sleep disorders
▪️ Cardiovascular problems caused by chronic stress
▪️ Increased risk of depression and anxiety
▪️ Social isolation and deterioration of personal relationships
Prevention
There is no guaranteed way to prevent Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, but adopting a healthy lifestyle can reduce the risk of developing or worsening symptoms:
▪️ Maintain a regular sleep schedule
▪️ Eat a balanced, nutrient-rich diet
▪️ Engage in moderate physical activity adapted to your energy level
▪️ Manage stress through relaxation techniques (meditation, yoga, deep breathing)
▪️ Schedule regular medical check-ups to monitor overall health
Bibliography
Yancey, J. R., & Thomas, S. M. (2012). Chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and treatment. American family physician, 86(8), 741-746.
Wessely, S. (2001). Chronic fatigue: symptom and syndrome. Annals of internal medicine, 134(9_Part_2), 838-843.
Rimes, K. A., & Chalder, T. (2005). Treatments for chronic fatigue syndrome. Occupational medicine, 55(1), 32-39.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360490 - Accessed on 13.08.2025
https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-fatigue-syndrome - Accessed on 13.08.2025
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17720-myalgic-encephalomyelitis-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-me-cfs - Accessed on 13.08.2025
Frequently asked questions
What blood tests are recommended for chronic fatigue?
Blood tests for chronic fatigue may include a complete blood count, thyroid function tests, inflammatory markers, vitamin and mineral levels (such as vitamin D, B12, and iron), as well as tests for infections or autoimmune diseases, depending on symptoms.
How is chronic fatigue treated?
Treatment is tailored to each patient and may involve a combination of medical interventions, lifestyle changes, nutritional optimization, and supportive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy, hypoxia-hyperoxia therapy, intravenous oxygen therapy, intravenous therapies, passions, ozone therapy, intravenous laser therapy, systemic hyperthermia.
Can I have neurasthenia if my blood tests are normal?
Yes. Chronic fatigue or neurasthenia can occur even if basic lab results are within normal ranges, as many causes are related to functional imbalances, stress, or immune system dysregulation that are not always visible in standard tests.
How do diet and lifestyle affect me?
A healthy diet and balanced lifestyle can significantly improve energy levels, reduce inflammation, and support recovery. Avoiding processed foods, staying hydrated, and ensuring adequate sleep are essential steps.
When should I see a doctor?
You should seek medical advice if fatigue persists for more than six months, worsens over time, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as unexplained weight loss, sleep disturbances, pain, or cognitive difficulties.
