Discover what interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome is, what are the causes and how it is treated

Interstitial cystitis, also known as bladder pain syndrome, is a chronic condition that causes discomfort or pain in the bladder and pelvic region. It primarily affects women and is often confused with urinary tract infections, although it is not caused by bacteria. Understanding what interstitial cystitis is, recognizing its symptoms, and knowing the available treatment options is essential for improving patients’ quality of life.

What is interstitial cystitis?

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic inflammation of the bladder without a clear infectious cause. It causes pelvic pain, a feeling of pressure, and frequent or urgent urination. Unlike bacterial urinary infections, urine tests are usually normal, making diagnosis more challenging.

What causes this condition?

Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, several factors may contribute to interstitial cystitis:

▪ Changes in the bladder lining (damage to the protective layer of the bladder)

▪ Autoimmune responses against bladder tissues

▪ Nerve dysfunction that transmits pain signals from the bladder

▪ Genetic predisposition

▪ Chronic inflammation associated with other syndromes (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia)

Risk factors for bladder pain

▪ Certain conditions and circumstances can increase the risk of developing interstitial cystitis:

▪ Female sex (women are more frequently affected than men)

▪ Middle age (typically between 30 and 50 years old)

▪ Family history of urological or autoimmune conditions

▪ Presence of other chronic conditions (allergies, irritable bowel syndrome, endometriosis)

▪ Frequent physical or emotional stress

How to recognize the symptoms?

Symptoms of interstitial cystitis can vary, but the most common include:

▪ Pain or discomfort in the bladder and pelvic region

▪ Frequent urination, including nighttime urination

▪ Urgency to urinate without being able to delay

▪ Feeling of pressure in the pelvic area

▪ Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)

▪ Periods of symptom flare-ups alternating with relief

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically one of exclusion, as symptoms overlap with other urinary conditions. A doctor may recommend:

▪ Urine tests to rule out bacterial infection

▪ Cystoscopy to examine the interior of the bladder

▪ Urodynamic tests to evaluate bladder function

▪ Detailed medical history and symptom evaluation

How is interstitial cystitis treated?

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms, as there is no definitive cure. Options may include:

▪ Medications to reduce pain and inflammation

▪ Bladder instillations (direct administration of substances into the bladder)

▪ Physical therapy to relax pelvic muscles

▪ Lifestyle and dietary modifications

Foods to avoid:

▪ Coffee, black tea, and carbonated drinks

▪ Alcohol

▪ Spicy or acidic foods (citrus fruits, tomatoes)

▪ Artificial sweeteners

▪ Chocolate

Recommended regimen:

▪ Drink plenty of water to dilute urine

▪ Maintain a balanced diet, avoiding bladder irritants

▪ Keep a food diary to identify individual triggers

Complementary therapies available:

The holistic treatment of Interstitial Cystitis aims not only to relieve pelvic pain and urinary discomfort, but also to reduce chronic inflammation, restore the bladder mucosa, and rebalance local immunity. At Quantica720° Clinic, patients benefit from advanced complementary therapies designed to support the regeneration process and improve overall quality of life.

▪ Hyperbaric oxygen therapy – supports tissue oxygenation and reduces inflammation.

▪ Uro-genital pathology protocol – designed to support patients with chronic uro-genital conditions.

▪ Urethral and Vaginal Ozone Insufflations – Medical ozone has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue-oxygenating properties. Ozone insufflations applied to the urethral and vaginal areas can help reduce chronic infections, promote mucosal regeneration, and decrease bladder sensitivity, offering long-term relief for patients with interstitial cystitis.

▪ Multipass Autohemotherapy – This procedure involves oxygenating the blood with medical ozone through multiple passes (multipass), stimulating the immune system, enhancing cellular oxygenation, and supporting detoxification. In cases of interstitial cystitis, multipass autohemotherapy helps reduce systemic inflammation and accelerate healing processes.

▪ Photodynamic Therapy with Blue and UV Laser and Riboflavin – This innovative therapy combines blue and ultraviolet laser light with riboflavin as a photosensitive substance to neutralize bacteria and viruses involved in chronic infections. By stimulating tissue regeneration and reducing microbial load, phototherapy helps restore local balance and alleviate symptoms.

▪ Methylene Blue Infusion – Methylene blue is known for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. When administered intravenously, it helps reduce oxidative stress, fight persistent infections, and support tissue repair affected by chronic inflammation.

▪ PAPIMI Therapy – The PAPIMI system uses high-intensity pulsed electromagnetic fields to stimulate cellular regeneration, improve microcirculation, and reduce pelvic pain. In interstitial cystitis, PAPIMI therapy helps relax the bladder muscles and alleviate discomfort.

What complications can occur with bladder pain?

▪ If left untreated, interstitial cystitis can lead to serious complications:

▪ Reduced bladder capacity and persistent chronic pain

▪ Decreased quality of life due to sleep disturbances and chronic fatigue

▪ Emotional issues such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation

▪ Sexual dysfunction due to pelvic pain

How can this syndrome be prevented?

While there is no guaranteed way to prevent interstitial cystitis, certain measures can reduce the risk and help control symptoms:

▪ Adopt a balanced diet and avoid bladder irritants

▪ Stay properly hydrated

▪ Avoid excessive stress and physical overexertion

▪ Practice relaxation techniques (yoga, meditation, controlled breathing)

▪ Schedule regular medical check-ups for monitoring

Frequently asked questions:

Can interstitial cystitis be cured?

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic condition, and currently, there is no treatment that provides a complete cure. However, a combination of medication, dietary adjustments, physical therapy, and complementary treatments can help control symptoms and significantly improve quality of life.

When is it recommended to see a doctor?

You should consult a urologist or your primary care physician if you experience:

▪ Persistent pain in the bladder or pelvic area

▪ Frequent urination, including at night

▪ Urgency to urinate without a clear cause

▪ Symptoms that affect your daily life, such as sleep, work, or personal relationships

Early consultation helps ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely initiation of appropriate treatment.

Can bladder pain syndrome affect my sex life?

Yes, interstitial cystitis can impact sexual life. Many people experience pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia) or persistent pelvic discomfort, which may reduce sexual desire and satisfaction. Open communication with your doctor and appropriate therapies can help alleviate these symptoms and improve intimacy.