Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation and pain in the joints, leading to deformities and loss of mobility over time, but modern treatments can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease.
What is rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis)?
Rheumatoid arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the synovial membrane of the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness and, over time, destruction of cartilage and deformation of the joints. The condition can also affect other organs, having a major impact on the quality of life.
Why does rheumatoid arthritis occur and how does it develop?
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues of the joints, causing persistent inflammation, pain and, over time, joint destruction. The onset of the disease is linked to a combination of genetic, environmental and hormonal factors, and its evolution is usually progressive, with periods of exacerbations and remissions; without adequate treatment, continued inflammation can lead to deformities and loss of joint functionality.
Main risk factors
Risk factors include genetic predisposition (for example, the presence of certain genes such as HLA-DRB1), smoking, viral or bacterial infections that can trigger abnormal immune responses, hormonal influences and other environmental factors. The disease is also more common in women and usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 60.
Is rheumatoid arthritis cancer?
Rheumatoid arthritis is not a cancer, but an autoimmune inflammatory condition. Although the chronic inflammation associated with this disease can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as lymphomas, this does not mean that rheumatoid arthritis itself is a form of cancer.
Key symptoms and signs of rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis is manifested by a series of joint and systemic symptoms that significantly affect the patient's quality of life. The disease usually progresses in episodes, with periods of worsening symptoms and periods of partial remission.
Joint symptoms (hands, feet, knees)
The main joint symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis are pain, swelling and stiffness of the joints, especially in the hands, feet and knees. Symptoms usually appear symmetrically, affecting both sides of the body. The joints become tender to the touch, and movement may be limited. Joint stiffness is more pronounced in the morning and can last for several hours.
Rheumatoid nodules and systemic manifestations
In addition to joint symptoms, another characteristic sign of rheumatoid arthritis are rheumatoid nodules, which are small, painful lumps of subcutaneous tissue that often appear on the elbows, backs of the hands, or around joints. The disease can also affect other organs, leading to systemic manifestations such as fatigue, fever, weight loss, and anemia.
How is rheumatoid arthritis diagnosed?
The diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, and imaging studies. Because symptoms can vary from patient to patient and can mimic other conditions, a thorough evaluation may be necessary to make a correct diagnosis.
Blood tests and inflammatory markers
Blood tests are essential in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. The most relevant inflammatory markers are rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibodies (anti-cyclic citrullinated antibodies), which are specific signs of the disease. Levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), which indicate the presence of inflammation in the body, are also measured. Elevations of these markers suggest active inflammation, but are not sufficient for a definitive diagnosis, and other tests and clinical observations are also needed.
Quantica720° collaborates with Medlife for specialized medical analyzes, right inside the clinic!
Imaging investigations and evaluation of joint lesions
Imaging investigations, such as x-rays, ultrasounds and MRI, are used to assess the stage of the disease and to monitor joint lesions. X-rays can show signs of joint damage, such as cartilage erosion and narrowing of the joint space. Ultrasound and MRI are useful in detecting tissue inflammation and cartilage damage, even in the absence of obvious symptoms.
Types of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis aims to reduce inflammation, control symptoms and prevent disease progression. Depending on the severity of the disease, drug treatments and biological therapies may be used to control inflammation and prevent joint damage.
Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen, are used to reduce pain and inflammation in the early stages of the disease. Corticosteroids, taken orally or by injection, help control severe inflammation and can be used to prevent flare-ups, but should be used with caution because of long-term side effects.
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biological therapies
DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) are essential in the long-term treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. These include drugs such as methotrexate, which help slow the progression of the disease and prevent joint damage. In more severe cases or when DMARDs are not effective, biologic therapies are used. These include drugs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, which target certain proteins in the immune system to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage.
Read more about immunomodulators here!
Physiotherapy and medical rehabilitation
Physiotherapy is an important element in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, helping to maintain joint mobility and reduce pain. Through stretching and strengthening exercises, the physiotherapist can improve the functionality of the affected joints and prevent deformities. Occupational therapy can also help patients apply correct movement techniques to reduce stress on the joints.
Lifestyle and dietary changes
Adopting a healthy lifestyle plays a crucial role in managing rheumatoid arthritis. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and anti-inflammatory foods (such as fatty fish, nuts, and green vegetables) can help reduce inflammation. Also, avoiding smoking and maintaining a normal body weight help reduce stress on the joints.
Surgery
In advanced cases, when joints are severely damaged and do not respond to conservative treatments, surgery may be necessary. These include total joint replacement (arthroplasty) or procedures to repair joints affected by deformities. Surgery can help restore mobility and improve patients' quality of life.
How can joint pain be relieved?
To relieve joint pain, treatments include intravenous intra-articular ozone, local injections, infiltrations, laser, Curcumin, Boswellia, blue de mthyl infusions, the use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs and corticosteroids), physical therapies, the application of hot or cold compresses, and the practice of regular exercises to maintain joint mobility. In addition, adapting daily activities to reduce stress on the joints can significantly contribute to reducing pain.
Discover all the therapies for joint pain from Quantica 720°!
Complications and evolution of rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis can have a variable evolution, and if not treated properly, it can lead to multiple complications, affecting both the joints and other organs of the body. With appropriate treatment, the progression of the disease can be controlled, but there are still long-term risks.
Long-term risks
Without proper treatment, rheumatoid arthritis can lead to permanent damage to the joints, which can lead to deformities, loss of mobility and disability. Chronic inflammation can also affect internal organs, such as the lungs (through the development of pulmonary fibrosis), the heart (through an increased risk of cardiovascular disease) and the eyes (through the development of conditions such as uveitis). Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are also at higher risk of infections due to the immunosuppressive treatments used.
Is rheumatoid arthritis curable?
Although rheumatoid arthritis is not considered a curable disease in the classical sense, modern treatments can help control symptoms and prevent disease progression. With an appropriate approach, many patients can go into remission, with a significantly improved quality of life. Early therapy and personalized treatments are essential to reduce long-term risks and to effectively manage the disease. In the context where there is a toxic accumulation of heavy metals or toxins or other pathogenic organisms, HHO can be treated.
Learn about other autoimmune disorders here!
Conclusion
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that can significantly affect the joints and can lead to serious complications if not treated properly. Although it is not a curable disease, with adequate treatment and early interventions, its evolution can be controlled and symptoms managed effectively. Medication, physiotherapy, lifestyle changes and, in some cases, surgery can contribute to improving the quality of life of patients. Early diagnosis and constant monitoring of the disease are essential to prevent joint damage and other long-term complications.
Bibliography
Radu, A. F., & Bungau, S. G. (2021). Management of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview. Cells, 10(11), 2857.
Grassi, W., De Angelis, R., Lamanna, G., & Cervini, C. (1998). The clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis. European journal of radiology, 27, S18-S24.
Online Articles
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353648 - Accessed 02/28/2025
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4924-rheumatoid-arthritis- Accessed 02/28/2025
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/rheumatoid-arthritis/ - Accessed 02/28/2025
