The immune system is essential for the body's defense against infection and disease. Both children and adults can have periods when immunity decreases, which increases the risk of illness. In this article, we will explore what immunity is, how the immune system works, the causes of its weakening, and effective methods of treatment and prevention.
What is immunity and how does the immune system work?
Immunity is the body's ability to recognize and eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, as well as to remove abnormal or infected cells. The immune system operates through a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that communicate to maintain the body's health.
Structure of the immune system
The immune system is made up of several key components: white blood cells (lymphocytes, macrophages), lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus), lymphoid tissues (tonsils, adenoid tissue), and specialized molecules (antibodies, cytokines). All of these collaborate to identify and destroy harmful agents.
Types of immunity
Innate immunity
It is the first line of defense, present from birth. It responds quickly to invaders through non-specific mechanisms such as the skin barrier, phagocytic cells, and inflammation.
Acquired (adaptive) immunity
It develops over time as a response to exposure to specific pathogens. It involves B and T lymphocytes that specifically recognize and eliminate certain invaders and maintain immunological memory.
Active immunity
This is immunity acquired through direct exposure to the pathogen or vaccination, prompting the body to produce antibodies and memory cells.
Passive immunity
It is conferred by the transfer of antibodies, either from mother to fetus (via placenta or breast milk) or through administration of serums and immunoglobulins.
Immunity in children vs. adults: differences and specific needs
Children's immune systems are still developing and are not as efficient as adults'. Therefore, children are more susceptible to infections and require special attention regarding nutrition, vaccinations, and hygiene. Adults, on the other hand, may experience decreased immunity due to age, stress, poor diet, or chronic conditions.
Causes of immune system weakening
Children's immune systems are still developing and are not as efficient as adults'. Therefore, children are more susceptible to infections and require special attention regarding nutrition, vaccinations, and hygiene. Adults, on the other hand, may experience decreased immunity due to age, stress, poor diet, or chronic conditions.
Conditions that may occur
Weakened immunity can promote the appearance of conditions such as:
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Frequent respiratory infections (cold, flu, pneumonia)
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Gastrointestinal infections
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Dermatological conditions (fungal infections, eczema)
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Reactivation of latent viruses (herpes, shingles)
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Autoimmune diseases or allergies
Symptoms
Signs that may indicate a weakened immune system include:
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Persistent fatigue
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Frequent or prolonged fever
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Slow wound healing
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Recurrent infections or increased severity of infections
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Enlarged lymph nodes
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Muscle and joint pain
Diagnosis
To evaluate the immune system, the following can be performed:
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Blood tests for the number and type of immune cells
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Microbiome - GI-MAP, a comprehensive test analyzing a variety of microbial targets, as well as immune and digestive markers. The test uses quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology to detect parasites, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms by identifying their specific DNA.
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Tests for antibodies and immunoglobulins
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Functional tests for immune response to certain agents
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Specialist consultation with an immunologist or pediatrician
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Dark field microscopy, a technique that uses a special disk called "dark field stop" to create a dark background, allowing clear visualization of transparent or poorly refractive objects that are difficult to see under a classic microscope with normal illumination.
To complement investigations and stimulate the immune system and improve general health, we also recommend the following therapies:
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Therapy with prebiotics and probiotics, which help balance the intestinal microbiome and support natural immunity.
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Injectable vitamin D3 therapy, essential for regulating and strengthening the immune response.
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Hyperpolarized light, a non-invasive method that stimulates regeneration processes and optimal immune cell function.
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Biofrequencies with MedSelect, an innovative therapy that uses specific frequencies to harmonize body functions and strengthen the immune system.
Treatments for weakened immunity. How to strengthen your immune system?
To maintain a strong and functional immune system, it is important to address several lifestyle aspects and adopt healthy habits. Immunity depends not only on medication but on a balance between physical, emotional, and nutritional factors. By adopting simple but consistent measures, we can support the body to fight infections more effectively and recover faster.
Breathing
Correct, slow, and deep breathing helps optimize oxygenation of the body and reduce stress. Conscious breathing techniques, such as abdominal breathing or pranayama exercises, can stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system and improve immune function.
Healthy nutrition
A balanced diet, rich in fresh fruits and vegetables, quality proteins, and healthy fats is essential for the immune system. Nutrients like vitamin C, D, zinc, and antioxidants help protect cells and regenerate tissues. Avoiding processed foods and excessive sugars contributes to overall health maintenance.
Lifestyle: sleep, exercise, stress management
Restful and sufficient sleep is the foundation of strong immunity, as the body regenerates during sleep. Regular exercise, such as walking, light jogging, or yoga, stimulates circulation and immune response. Also, effective stress management through meditation, hobbies, and relaxation prevents overloading the body.
Love
Affective relationships and emotional support play a surprisingly important role in immunity. Positive feelings, love, and social connections contribute to reducing stress hormones and increasing the body's resistance.
Calmness
Maintaining a state of calm and emotional balance helps prevent chronic inflammation and optimize immune function. Mindfulness practices or relaxation techniques can be extremely beneficial in this regard.
Essential supplements and vitamins
In some situations, supplements can support the immune system, especially when nutrition is insufficient. Vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, probiotics, and medicinal plant extracts (echinacea, elderberry, cat’s claw) are frequently recommended, but their administration should be supervised by a specialist.
Bibliography:
Franjic, S. (2023). When Immunity is Weakened, Disease Occurs. J Infect Dis Ther, 1.
Nizami, N. S., & Mujeebuddin, C. S. (2020). Strong immunity-a major weapon to fight against Covid-19. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci, 15(3), 22-29.
Sompayrac, L. M. (2022). How the immune system works. John Wiley & Sons.
Frequently Asked Questions:
How do I know if I have low immunity?
Low immunity can manifest with various symptoms, including:
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Frequent or recurrent infections, such as colds, flu, or respiratory infections
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Slow wound healing or persistent inflammation
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Chronic fatigue and general weakness
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Frequent or mild fever that does not resolve quickly
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Unexplained muscle or joint pain
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Enlarged lymph nodes without obvious cause
If you notice these symptoms repeatedly, it is advisable to consult a doctor for evaluation.
What tests show if I have a weakened immune system?
To evaluate immune system function, a doctor may recommend the following tests:
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Complete blood count measuring number and proportion of white blood cells
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Immunoglobulin tests (IgG, IgA, IgM) indicating antibody levels
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Tests determining T and B lymphocyte function
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Tests detecting inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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Specific tests for allergies or chronic viral infections, if applicable
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GI-MAP test – to detect parasites, bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms by identifying their specific DNA
These tests help identify possible immune deficiencies or dysfunctions.
What are the best fruits for immunity?
Fruits rich in vitamins, antioxidants, and fiber help strengthen the immune system. The most recommended are:
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Citrus fruits (oranges, grapefruit, lemons) – rich in vitamin C
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Kiwi – with high amounts of vitamins C and E
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Blueberries and other berries – powerful antioxidants
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Apples – contain vitamins and prebiotic fibers
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Pomegranates – known for anti-inflammatory properties
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Mango and papaya – good sources of vitamins A, C, and E
Regular consumption of these fruits supports the body's defense and contributes to health maintenance.
